Bolt nut performance table
1 High-strength bolt connection for steel structure Sub-models, specifications, performance grades Type Name Performance level Specifications Connections
GB/T1228-91 High-strength large hex head bolts for steel structures 10.9S
8.8S M12-M30 One Bolt; One Nut; Two Washers
GB/T1229-91 High-strength large hex nuts for steel structures
GB/T1230-91 high-strength washer for steel structure
GB/T1231-91 High-strength large hex head bolts for steel structures,
Hexagon nut, washer technical conditions
GB/T3632-1995 Torsion shear type high strength bolt connection for steel structure 10.9S M16-M24 One bolt; one nut; two washers
GB/T3633-1995 Torsional-type high-strength bolt connection sub-technical conditions for steel structures
2 Material Type Performance Grade Thread Size Material Bolt 10.9S M12~M24 20MntiB
M27~M30 35VB
8.8S M12~M16 35#
M20~M24 20MnTib
M27~M30 35VB
Nut 8H 10H M12~M30 35#
Washers 35~45 HRC 12~30 45#
Chemical composition of material C% Si% Mn% Ti% V% B% P% S%
20MnTiB 0.17~0.24 0.17~0.37 1.30~1.60 0.04~0.10 0 0.0005~0.0035 ≤0.035 ≤0.035
35VB 0.31~0.37 0.17~0.37 0.50~0.90 0 0.05~0.12 0.001~0.004 ≤0.04 ≤0.04
35# 0.32~0.40 0.17~0.37 0.50~0.90 0 0 0 ≤0.035 ≤0.035
45# 0.42~0.50 0.17~0.37 0.50~0.90 0 0 0 ≤0.035 ≤0.035
3 Mechanical properties
3-1 Mechanical properties of bolts
Material test piece mechanical properties
Performance Rating Tensile Strength σb
MPa Yield σ0.2
MPa Elongation δ5
% Shrink Rateψ
%
Min
10.9S 1040~1240 940 10 42
8.8S 830~1030 660 12 45
Hardness grade Rockwell hardness
HRC Vickers hardness
HV30
Min max min max
109S 33 39 312 367
8.8S 24 31 249 296
Physical tensile load thread size d M12 M16 M20 M22 M24 M27 M30
Should be lazy force load area mm2 84.3 157 245 303 353 459 561
Tension load
KN 10.9S 877.7~104.5 163~195 255~304 315~376 367~438 477~569 583~696
8.8S 70.0~86.8 130~162 203~252 251~312 293~364 381~473 466~578
3-2 nut mechanical performance guaranteed load thread size D M12 M16 M20 M22 M24 M27 M30
Guaranteed load
KN 10H 87.7 163 255 315 367 477 583
8H 70.0 130 203 251 293 381 466
Hardness performance grade Rockwell hardness Vickers hardness
Min max min max
10H 98HRB 28HRC 222 274
8H 85HRB 28HRC 206 274
3-2 Washer Mechanical Performance Washer Hardness 35~45 HRC (HV30 329~436)
4 Type size
4-1 GB/T1228-91 High strength large hex head bolts for steel structures
Thread size d M12 M16 M20 M22 M24 M27 M30
The pitch p 1.75 2 2.5 2.5 3 3 3.5
c max 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
Min 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
Da max 15.23 19.23 24.32 26.32 28.32 32.84 35.84
Ds max 12.43 16.43 20.52 22.52 24.52 27.84 30.84
Min 11.75 15.57 19.48 21.48 23.48 26.16 29.16
Dw min 19.2 24.9 31.4 33.3 38.0 42.8 46.5
e min 22.78 29.56 37.29 39.55 45.20 50.85 55.37
K Nominal 7.5 10 12.5 14 15 17 18.7
Max 7.95 10.75 13.40 14.90 15.90 17.90 19.75
Min 7.05 9.25 11.60 13.10 14.10 16.10 17.65
r min 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0
s max 21 27 34 36 41 46 50
Min 20.16 26.16 33 35 40 45 49
b L nominal <45 ≥45 <55 ≥55 <65 ≥65 <70 ≥70 <75 ≥75 <80 ≥80 <85 ≥85
Nominal 25 30 30 35 35 40 40 45 45 50 50 55 55 60
4-2 GB/T1229-91 High-strength Hexagon Nuts for Steel Structures
Thread size D M12 M16 M20 M22 M24 M27 M30
Pitch P 1.75 2 2.5 2.5 3 3 3.5
c max 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
Min 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
Da max 13 17.3 21.6 23.8 25.9 29.1 32.4
Min 12 16 20 22 24 27 30
Dw min 19.2 24.9 31.4 33.3 38.0 42.8 46.5
e min 22.78 29.56 37.29 39.55 45.20 50.85 55.37
m max 12.3 17.1 20.7 23.6 24.2 27.6 30.7
Min 11.87 16.4 19.4 22.3 22.9 26.3 29.1
s max 21 27 34 36 41 46 50
Min 20.16 26.16 33 35 40 45 49
4-3 GB/T1230-91 High-strength washers for steel structures
Specifications (thread diameter) 12 16 20 22 24 27 30
D1 max 13.43 17.43 21.52 23.52 25.52 28.52 31.52
Min 13 17 21 23 25 28 31
D2 max 25 33 40 42 47 52 56
Min 23.7 31.4 38.4 40.4 45.4 50.1 54.1
s Nominal 3.0 4.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
Max 3.8 4.8 4.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8
Min 2.5 3.5 3.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5
D3 max 16.03 20.03 25.12 27.12 29.12 33.64 36.64
Min 15.23 19.23 24.32 26.32 28.32 32.84 35.84
4-4 GB/T3632-1995 Torsion-type high-strength bolts for steel structures
Thread size d M16 M20 M22 M24
Pitch p 2 2.5 2.5 3
Da max 18.83 24.4 26.4 28.4
Ds max 16.43 20.52 22.52 24.52
Min 15.57 19.48 21.48 23.48
Dw min 27.9 34.5 38.5 41.5
Dk max 30 37 41 44
K Nominal 10 13 14 15
Max 10.57 13.9 14.9 15.9
Min 9.25 12.1 13.1 14.1
K min 12 14 15 16
K" max 17 19 21 23
r min 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.6
Db max 11.3 14.1 15.6 16.9
Min 11 13.8 15.3 16.6
Dc ≈ 12.8 16.1 17.8 19.3
De ≈ 13 17 18 20
5 GB/T1228~1231-91 High-strength large hex head bolt bolts Torque factor Thread size M12 M16 M20 M22 M24 M27 M30
P(KN) max 59 113 177 216 250 324 397
Min 49 93 142 177 206 265 329
â—† The torque coefficient of 10.9S high-strength large hex head bolt connection is 0.11~0.150. The standard deviation of the torque coefficient is less than or equal to 0.010. When determining the torque coefficient, see the table above for the pretension control range.
â—† The 8.8S high-strength large hex head bolt connection is available upon request from the customer. It can also be supplied with a guaranteed torque factor.
6 GB/T3632~3633-1995 Fastening Axial Force for Torsion-type High Strength Bolt Connection M16 M20 M22 M24
The average value of each fastening axial force (KN) Nominal 109 170 211 245
Max 120 186 231 270
Min 99 154 191 222
Standard deviation of fastening axial force σ (KN) ≤ 9.90 15.39 19.11 22.25
7 mark
GB/T1228 10.9S
High-strength large hex head bolts GB/T3632 10.9S
Torsion shear type high strength bolt GB/T1229, GB/T3632
10H high-strength nut GB/T1230, GB/T3632
High-strength washer
8 Use of High Strength Bolt Connections
8-1 Length of high-strength bolts L=L+â–³L
Where: L - high-strength bolt project length L - total thickness of the connecting plate â–³ L - additional length, according to the right table thread specifications M12 M16 M20 M22 M24 M27 M30
Hexagon head high strength bolts 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
Torsion type high strength bolt / 25 30 35 40 /
1 High-strength bolt connection for steel structure Sub-models, specifications, performance grades Type Name Performance level Specifications Connections
GB/T1228-91 High-strength large hex head bolts for steel structures 10.9S
8.8S M12-M30 One Bolt; One Nut; Two Washers
GB/T1229-91 High-strength large hex nuts for steel structures
GB/T1230-91 high-strength washer for steel structure
GB/T1231-91 High-strength large hex head bolts for steel structures,
Hexagon nut, washer technical conditions
GB/T3632-1995 Torsion shear type high strength bolt connection for steel structure 10.9S M16-M24 One bolt; one nut; two washers
GB/T3633-1995 Torsional-type high-strength bolt connection sub-technical conditions for steel structures
2 Material Type Performance Grade Thread Size Material Bolt 10.9S M12~M24 20MntiB
M27~M30 35VB
8.8S M12~M16 35#
M20~M24 20MnTib
M27~M30 35VB
Nut 8H 10H M12~M30 35#
Washers 35~45 HRC 12~30 45#
Chemical composition of material C% Si% Mn% Ti% V% B% P% S%
20MnTiB 0.17~0.24 0.17~0.37 1.30~1.60 0.04~0.10 0 0.0005~0.0035 ≤0.035 ≤0.035
35VB 0.31~0.37 0.17~0.37 0.50~0.90 0 0.05~0.12 0.001~0.004 ≤0.04 ≤0.04
35# 0.32~0.40 0.17~0.37 0.50~0.90 0 0 0 ≤0.035 ≤0.035
45# 0.42~0.50 0.17~0.37 0.50~0.90 0 0 0 ≤0.035 ≤0.035
3 Mechanical properties
3-1 Mechanical properties of bolts
Material test piece mechanical properties
Performance Rating Tensile Strength σb
MPa Yield σ0.2
MPa Elongation δ5
% Shrink Rateψ
%
Min
10.9S 1040~1240 940 10 42
8.8S 830~1030 660 12 45
Hardness grade Rockwell hardness
HRC Vickers hardness
HV30
Min max min max
109S 33 39 312 367
8.8S 24 31 249 296
Physical tensile load thread size d M12 M16 M20 M22 M24 M27 M30
Should be lazy force load area mm2 84.3 157 245 303 353 459 561
Tension load
KN 10.9S 877.7~104.5 163~195 255~304 315~376 367~438 477~569 583~696
8.8S 70.0~86.8 130~162 203~252 251~312 293~364 381~473 466~578
3-2 nut mechanical performance guaranteed load thread size D M12 M16 M20 M22 M24 M27 M30
Guaranteed load
KN 10H 87.7 163 255 315 367 477 583
8H 70.0 130 203 251 293 381 466
Hardness performance grade Rockwell hardness Vickers hardness
Min max min max
10H 98HRB 28HRC 222 274
8H 85HRB 28HRC 206 274
3-2 Washer Mechanical Performance Washer Hardness 35~45 HRC (HV30 329~436)
4 Type size
4-1 GB/T1228-91 High strength large hex head bolts for steel structures
Thread size d M12 M16 M20 M22 M24 M27 M30
The pitch p 1.75 2 2.5 2.5 3 3 3.5
c max 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
Min 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
Da max 15.23 19.23 24.32 26.32 28.32 32.84 35.84
Ds max 12.43 16.43 20.52 22.52 24.52 27.84 30.84
Min 11.75 15.57 19.48 21.48 23.48 26.16 29.16
Dw min 19.2 24.9 31.4 33.3 38.0 42.8 46.5
e min 22.78 29.56 37.29 39.55 45.20 50.85 55.37
K Nominal 7.5 10 12.5 14 15 17 18.7
Max 7.95 10.75 13.40 14.90 15.90 17.90 19.75
Min 7.05 9.25 11.60 13.10 14.10 16.10 17.65
r min 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0
s max 21 27 34 36 41 46 50
Min 20.16 26.16 33 35 40 45 49
b L nominal <45 ≥45 <55 ≥55 <65 ≥65 <70 ≥70 <75 ≥75 <80 ≥80 <85 ≥85
Nominal 25 30 30 35 35 40 40 45 45 50 50 55 55 60
4-2 GB/T1229-91 High-strength Hexagon Nuts for Steel Structures
Thread size D M12 M16 M20 M22 M24 M27 M30
Pitch P 1.75 2 2.5 2.5 3 3 3.5
c max 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
Min 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
Da max 13 17.3 21.6 23.8 25.9 29.1 32.4
Min 12 16 20 22 24 27 30
Dw min 19.2 24.9 31.4 33.3 38.0 42.8 46.5
e min 22.78 29.56 37.29 39.55 45.20 50.85 55.37
m max 12.3 17.1 20.7 23.6 24.2 27.6 30.7
Min 11.87 16.4 19.4 22.3 22.9 26.3 29.1
s max 21 27 34 36 41 46 50
Min 20.16 26.16 33 35 40 45 49
4-3 GB/T1230-91 High-strength washers for steel structures
Specifications (thread diameter) 12 16 20 22 24 27 30
D1 max 13.43 17.43 21.52 23.52 25.52 28.52 31.52
Min 13 17 21 23 25 28 31
D2 max 25 33 40 42 47 52 56
Min 23.7 31.4 38.4 40.4 45.4 50.1 54.1
s Nominal 3.0 4.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
Max 3.8 4.8 4.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8
Min 2.5 3.5 3.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5
D3 max 16.03 20.03 25.12 27.12 29.12 33.64 36.64
Min 15.23 19.23 24.32 26.32 28.32 32.84 35.84
4-4 GB/T3632-1995 Torsion-type high-strength bolts for steel structures
Thread size d M16 M20 M22 M24
Pitch p 2 2.5 2.5 3
Da max 18.83 24.4 26.4 28.4
Ds max 16.43 20.52 22.52 24.52
Min 15.57 19.48 21.48 23.48
Dw min 27.9 34.5 38.5 41.5
Dk max 30 37 41 44
K Nominal 10 13 14 15
Max 10.57 13.9 14.9 15.9
Min 9.25 12.1 13.1 14.1
K min 12 14 15 16
K" max 17 19 21 23
r min 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.6
Db max 11.3 14.1 15.6 16.9
Min 11 13.8 15.3 16.6
Dc ≈ 12.8 16.1 17.8 19.3
De ≈ 13 17 18 20
5 GB/T1228~1231-91 High-strength large hex head bolt bolts Torque factor Thread size M12 M16 M20 M22 M24 M27 M30
P(KN) max 59 113 177 216 250 324 397
Min 49 93 142 177 206 265 329
â—† The torque coefficient of 10.9S high-strength large hex head bolt connection is 0.11~0.150. The standard deviation of the torque coefficient is less than or equal to 0.010. When determining the torque coefficient, see the table above for the pretension control range.
â—† The 8.8S high-strength large hex head bolt connection is available upon request from the customer. It can also be supplied with a guaranteed torque factor.
6 GB/T3632~3633-1995 Fastening Axial Force for Torsion-type High Strength Bolt Connection M16 M20 M22 M24
The average value of each fastening axial force (KN) Nominal 109 170 211 245
Max 120 186 231 270
Min 99 154 191 222
Standard deviation of fastening axial force σ (KN) ≤ 9.90 15.39 19.11 22.25
7 mark
GB/T1228 10.9S
High-strength large hex head bolts GB/T3632 10.9S
Torsion shear type high strength bolt GB/T1229, GB/T3632
10H high-strength nut GB/T1230, GB/T3632
High-strength washer
8 Use of High Strength Bolt Connections
8-1 Length of high-strength bolts L=L+â–³L
Where: L - high-strength bolt project length L - total thickness of the connecting plate â–³ L - additional length, according to the right table thread specifications M12 M16 M20 M22 M24 M27 M30
Hexagon head high strength bolts 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
Torsion type high strength bolt / 25 30 35 40 /
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